The answer is simple, white underbase is not white enough.
Why the white underbase is not white enough? One reason is that white ink is not white.
Remember pigment TiO2 always sinks in little by little. Without daily maintenance, the white ink will no longer be white.
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Before daily maintenanceAfter daily maintenance is done
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The other reason is the garment is not well-pretreated and the white ink sinks into the fibers. Go to Pretreat it! to see what would happen.
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When the white ink is white and pretreatment layer holds the white ink, the print result is white enough. When the white mask layer is printed white, then the colors on white looks good. So the whiteness of both white ink and white layer are very important for
good print results.
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In other words, only you can see the proper colors is when CMYK ink is printed either on a white T-shirt, or on "white enough" ink layer.
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Print on white T-shirt
Print on white-enough white mask layer
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With white-less white ink, or the garment is poorly pretreated, you can never cover the underbase (T-shirt) color. The underbase color can be seen through the grayish white ink and not only white but also other colors should be grayish and dull. Without daily
maintenance, your print result will be like this...
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Print on "watery" white mask layer or poorly-pretreated
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For proper color production, the white ink must cover the surface and produce a white ink layer. This fact shows how important the pretreatment is: if less than or un-evenly preteated, colors will never be produced. As for polyester-mixed garments, some manufacturing
brands may not work as well as 100% cotton garment because pretreated garments are too thin to hold the white ink at the surface. You should test prior to your production.
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Conclusion:
Keep the white ink white by daily maintenance.
Pretreat the garment properly. Test the whiteness before your production.
Then you will have the good print result.
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